The four core fields
Every Collection has these four, always, and they cannot be removed:
Each one has its own dedicated column in the database, which is why their keys are fixed
forever. In the Fields tab, a core field’s label and key are both locked — you can mark it
required, and you can disable it to hide it from forms and tables, but you can never rename
or delete it.
Everything else is a custom field
A custom field’s values live together in one metadata block on the Item, keyed by a stable 8-character ID that QRtub generates when the field is created — something likeXk9mPq7z.
You never see that ID. What you see and type is the field’s key, such as serial_number,
and the key is only a pointer to the ID.
That indirection is the entire reason renaming a custom field is safe: the label and key
change, the storage ID does not, so no data has to move. See
Renaming a Field for what else follows the rename automatically.